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Inici 1720
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Data de creació / 2019
X-rays in the hospital; Rectifier
This X-ray unit consists of three parts: The rectifier ensures that the electricity flows through the X-ray tube in only one direction. The unit is operated via the control panel. The fluoroscopic X-ray unit generates the image of the area of the body that is canned on the fluoroscopic screen. Units of this size were used in well-equipped hospitals in the 1920s.
X-rays in the hospital; Fluoroscopic unit
This X-ray unit consists of three parts: The rectifier ensures that the electricity flows through the X-ray tube in only one direction. The unit is operated via the control panel. The fluoroscopic X-ray unit generates the image of the area of the body that is canned on the fluoroscopic screen. Units of this size were used in well-equipped hospitals in the 1920s.
X-rays in the hospital; Control panel
This X-ray unit consists of three parts: The rectifier ensures that the electricity flows through the X-ray tube in only one direction. The unit is operated via the control panel. The fluoroscopic X-ray unit generates the image of the area of the body that is canned on the fluoroscopic screen. Units of this size were used in well-equipped hospitals in the 1920s.
X-rays around the world
The X-ray sphere was the first truly universal X-ray device from Siemens. It could be plugged into the normal power grid, and it contained the X-ray tube and transformer in a single radiation-proof, surge-proof sphere. The sphere was produced from 1934 to 1974, and over 30,000 of them were sold – two signs of the device’s popularity all over the world.
The wartime economy
When war broke out, orders for the Wehrmact became the top priority: At the start of the 1940, 14.1 percent of the company’s sales were to the Wehrmact, but by 1944/1945 the figure was already over 57 percent. Alongside electrotherapy equipment, the company also made armaments such as aircraft parts. The civilian business and sales to foreign customers declined sharply.
The key to blood analysis
The centerpiece of the hematology systems from Siemens is the so-called UFC (Unified Fluids Circuit) block. This acrylic block houses fluid conduits and reaction chambers where blood samples mix with reagents for analysis. The device can start automatically as needed, and it cleans itself daily.
The anatomist’s hand
January 23, 1896, marked the first time that Röntgen demonstrated his discovery in public. The audience applauded as the hand of well-known anatomist Albert von Kölliker (1817-1905) was scanned, and the X-ray image was reproduced and spread not long afterward. This allowed audiences outside the technical sphere to share in the thrill – and the chill – brought by the sudden transparency of the human body.
Siemens-Reiniger-Werke
Shortly after RGS was taken over by S&H, the group pooled its sales activities and tube production in order to exploit synergies and boost competitiveness. In the course of the Great Depression, the merger was also completed from a structural perspective with the founding of Siemens-Reiniger-Werke (SRW) in 1932/33. The new company logo, featuring a dominate Siemens S entwined with the Reiniger R, would go on to represent tradition and quality. SRW quickly came to be regarded as the largest specialist electromedical company in the world.
Prolonging lives
In the late 1950s, Elema-Schönander (later Siemens-Elema), a company based in Sweden, developed the first implantable cardiac pacemaker. The device was implanted on October 8th, 1958, in an operation that was kept secret. The first prototype worked for only a few hours, while the second performed much better, lasting six weeks. Today’s pacemakers are much smaller and have a battery life of up to ten years or more.
Phonophor
The Phonophor was the first heating aid from Siemens & Halske. Like telephones, electric hearing aids are based on converting acoustic vibrations into electrical voltage fluctuations, amplifying them, and then converting them back. The Phonophor was sold starting in 1913, in several versions, including a ladies’ model with the microphone and battery built into a purse.
Pantix
In 1933, after six years of development work, the Pantix rotating-anode tube was introduced. The rotating anode disc significantly increased the tube’s power rating. Among other things, it helped to prevent the fuzzy images caused by breathing during chest X-rays. The Pantix technology is still used today as the basis for development of rotating-anode X-ray tubes.
Memorial
Many X-ray pioneers died from the effects of radiation exposure. Their biographies are known, while the patients who suffered adverse effects of radiation are generally anonymous. Hans Meyer, a radiologist from Bremen who served as the president of the German X-ray Society (Deutsche Röntegengesellschaft) in 1929 and 1933, collected 159 biographies on those harmed by radiation and published them, in 1937, in his memorial book of X-ray martyrs of all nations. On April 4th, 1936, a monument bearing their names was dedicated in Hamburg, in front of the clinic where Heinrich Ernst Albers-Schönberg – whose biography is the first in the book – had worked.
Matter of the heart
A particular challenge – in 1953, Siemens engineers aimed to convert a reflectoscope so that not only material sand components but also the heart could be examined using ultrasound. Among other things, they added a special camera to the instrument so that examination results could be stored and compared. On October 29th, 1953, the device was used to perform the world’s first successful non-invasive representation of the heart function in real time.
Having a good time at the Kellerfest
The founders of RGS had arranged company excursions in order to strengthen the workplace community. From 1934 onwards, SRW took up this tradition with the “Kellerfest”. On Whit Tuesday, the machines stood idle and staff met at the Erlanger Berg beer festival. Each person received three beer tokens and two food vouchers, and the event was accompanied by music from the factory’s brass band. The last Kellerfest of this kind was held in 1977.
Fight against tuberculosis
Transportable X-ray systems with photo-fluorographic cameras were used for fast, low-cost mass examinations, especially for early detection and prevention of tuberculosis. These kinds of systems were also built int large buses that then served as mobile X-ray stations. The unit shown was used by the Bavarian health authorities to perform examinations in rural areas from 1959 into the 1970s.
Fight against tuberculosis
Transportable X-ray systems with photo-fluorographic cameras were used for fast, low-cost mass examinations, especially for early detection and prevention of tuberculosis. These kinds of systems were also built int large buses that then served as mobile X-ray stations. The unit shown was used by the Bavarian health authorities to perform examinations in rural areas from 1959 into the 1970s.
Fight against cancer
The Siemens “X-ray bomb” is a radiation unit for deep treatment, specifically to fight tumors. A moving stand carries the irradiation device, which weights in at about 300 kilograms, but still offers a wide range of physical settings and is easy to operate despite its weight. Thanks to its oil circulation cooling system, the tube stands up to longer use. Nearly 300 of these bombs were built between 1938 and 1943.
Child’s play
Well-known toy makers like Gebrüder Bing, a company based in Nuremberg, tapped into general enthusiasm for X-rays, offering X-ray experimentation kits. The kits were capable of producing simple images with very basic tools. The move brought X-ray fever – and X-ray radiation – into children’s play-rooms and classrooms.
Cardiac pacemaker
The fully implantable cardiac pacemaker from Elema-Schönander was made possible by two inventions in the 1940s: small batteries and energy-saving transistors. A simple plastic cup was used as the mold. The first versions were affected by hairline cracks in the molding material. The electrode cable was also not sufficiently fatigue-resistant to stand up to the heart’s approximately 100,000 beats per day.
Announcement of the introduction of the “Hitler salute”
Anna S., a forced laborer from Eastern Europe
Anna S., a 30-year-old Ukrainian, was forced to work at SRW in Erlangen starting in 1942. Her tasks included assisting in the warehouse and supervising the kitchen operations from the other forced laborers from Eastern Europe. She lived at the Röthelheim camp. Anna S. and Antonie P., a Russian woman ten years her junior, escaped on March 16th, 1945, exactly one month before the arrival of American troops in Erlangen.
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