The fully implantable cardiac pacemaker from Elema-Schönander was made possible by two inventions in the 1940s: small batteries and energy-saving transistors. A simple plastic cup was used as the mold. The first versions were affected by hairline cracks in the molding material. The electrode cable was also not sufficiently fatigue-resistant to stand up to the heart’s approximately 100,000 beats per day.
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- Friday 15 March 2019
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